Samarth IVF – Glossary of Terms (General Definitions of IVF-related Medical Terms)
- Abortion
- Abnormal Coital Habits
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Achondroplasia
- Acne
- Acrosin activity test
- Acrosomal Defects
- Acrosome Reaction
- Adenomyoma
- Adenomyosis
- Adhesiolysis
- Adhesion
- Adnexal Masses
- Adnexal Surgery
- Adnexal torsion
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Adrenal suppression
- Endometriosis
- Air handling unit system
- Albumin
- Alcohol
- Allwin fallopian tube recanalization
- Amenorrhea
- Amniotic Graft
- Amorphous Debris
- Ampullo-ampullary anastomosis
- Anabolic steroids
- Anastomosis
- Anastrozole
- Androgel
- Androgen
- Angiogenesis
- Anovulation
- Anovulatory cycle
- Anterior sessile polyp
- Antibiotics
- Antibodies
- Antiestrogens
- Anti-mullerian hormone
- Antisperm antibody
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha
- Antral follicle
- AO test
- Appendicitis
- Applebaum’s uterine scoring
- Aromatase enzyme catalyzes
- Aromatase inhibitor
- Artificial insemination
- Asherman’s syndrome
- Aspirin
- Assisted hatching
- Assisted reproductive technique
- Asthenospermia
- Asthenozoospermia
- Asthenozoospermic samples
- Atrophy
- Autoimmune disorders
- Azoospermia
- Barrier contraception
- Barrier methods
- Basal body temperature
- Basal follicle-stimulating hormone
- Baseline ovulation study
- Bicornuate bicollis
- Bilateral cornual tubal obstruction
- Biochemical tests
- Biopsy
- Bladder
- Blastocyst culture
- Blood
- Body mass index
- Bologna’s criterion
- Bone
- Bowel
- Bromocriptine
- Cabergoline
- Cancer
- Cannula
- Cannulation devices
- Carbon dioxide
- Carcinoma
- Central nervous system
- Centrifuge
- Cervical canal
- Cervical dilation
- Cervical factor
- Cervical mucus
- Cervical orifice
- Cervical stenosis
- Cervicitis
- Cervix
- Cesarean section
- Chemotherapy
- Chromopertubation
- Chromosomal aberrations
- Clinical pregnancy rates
- Clomiphene
- Clomiphene citrate
- Coenzyme
- Coital habits
- Coitus
- Color doppler
- Combined oral contraceptive pills
- Complete septum
- Complete tubal damage
- Computer aided semen analysis
- Contraception methods
- Contrast sonohysterography
- Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
- Cornual polyps
- Cornual spasm
- Corpus luteum
- C-reactive protein
- Cryocans
- Cryopreservation
- Cryptorchidism
- Cryptozoospermia
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Cyproterone acetate
- Cyst
- Cystic fibrosis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Danazol
- D-chiro-inositol
- Dermoids
- Dexamethasone
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diethylstilbestrol
- Diminished ovarian reserve
- Direct swim up
- Distal tubal obstruction
- DNA damage
- Dominant follicle
- Donor
- Dopamine agonist
- Double insemination
- Double ovarian stimulation protocol
- Down’s syndrome
- Ductal obstruction
- Dydrogesterone
- Dye free flow
- Dysmenorrhea
- Dyspareunia
- Dysuria
- Echogenic stroma
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Ejaculate
- Ejaculation
- Ejaculatory disorder
- Ejaculatory duct
- Ejaculatory failure
- Ejaculatory function
- Ejaculatory obstruction
- Electrical injury
- Embryo
- Embryo transfer
- Embryogenesis
- Embryotoxic factors
- Empty follicular syndrome
- Enclomiphene
- Endocervical canal
- Endocervix
- Endocrinopathy
- Endometrial ablation
- Endometrial adhesions
- Endometrial cavity
- Endometrial factors
- Endometrial polyps
- Endometrial preparation
- Endometrial proteins
- Endometrial receptivity
- Endometrial scratching
- Endometrial synechiae
- Endometrial thickness
- Endometriosis
- Endometritis
- Endometrium
- Endoscopy
- Epididymal obstruction
- Epididymis
- Erectile function
- Erection
- Erosion
- Estradiol
- Estrogen
- Ethinylestradiol
- Fallopian tube
- False empty follicular syndrome
- Fasting insulin
- Fasting plasma glucose
- Fasting serum insulin
- Female fertility
- Female infertility
- Female reproductive organs
- Fertility
- Fertilization
- Fibroid
- Fibrosis
- Fimbrial block
- Fimbrial agglutination
- Fimbrioplasty
- Fimbriostomy
- Flimsy adhesions
- Fluid collection
- Follicle
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Follicular development
- Follicular dominance
- Follicular function
- Follicular growth
- Follicular monitoring
- Follicular output rate
- Follicular selection
- Folliculogenesis
- Free androgen index
- Free fluid
- Frozen embryo transfer
- Frozen oocyte
- Frozen pelvis
- Galactorrhea
- Gene expert
- Genetic disorders
- Genital infections
- Genital organ
- Genital tuberculosis
- Genuine empty follicular syndrome
- Gestational sac
- Glands
- Globozoospermia
- Globulin
- Gonadotropin
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone
- Gonadotropin therapy
- Grave’s diseases
- Growth hormone
- Gynecomastia
- Haploid sperms
- Hematosalpinx
- Hematuria
- Hemoglobin
- Hemorrhages
- Heparin
- Hepatitis B surface antigen
- Highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin
- Highly selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor
- Hirsutism
- Hormonal therapy
- Hot air oven
- Human chorionic gonadotropin
- Human menopausal gonadotropin
- Human spermatozoa
- Humidity
- Hyaluronidase
- Hydrosalpinx
- Hyperandrogenism
- Hyperemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperinsulinemia
- Hyperplasia
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Hyperthecosis
- Hyperthyroid
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypergonadism
- Hypomenorrhea
- Hypo-osmotic swelling
- Hypospadias
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
- Hypothalamus
- Hypothyroid
- Hypothyroidism
- Hysterectomy
- Hysterolaparoscopy
- Hysterosalpingogram
- Hysteroscope
- Iliac vessels
- Immotile cilia syndrome
- Immunoglobulins implantation
- In vitro fertilization
- Incomplete septae
- Infertile male
- Infertility
- Inflammation
- Insemination
- Insulin
- Interleukins
- Intestines
- Intra-abdominal organ
- Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm infusion
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- Intrafollicular echoes
- Intramural fibroid
- Intrauterine adhesions
- Intrauterine device
- Intrauterine insemination
- Irradiation
- Joints
- Kallmann’s syndrome
- Klienefelter’s syndrome
- Kruger sperm morphology
- Labotect catheter
- Laminar air flows
- Laparoscopic procedures
- Laparoscopy
- L-arginine
- Lasers
- Letrozole
- Leuprolide
- Live birth rate
- Live spermatozoa
- Low molecular weight heparin
- Luteal phase
- Luteinized unruptured follicle
- Luteinizing hormone
- Male factor infertility
- Male infertility
- Male partner ultrasound assessment
- Male reproductive system
- Mature follicle
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Melatonin
- Menorrhagia
- Menses
- Menstrual cycle
- Metformin
- Microadenoma
- Micro-Insemination
- Micronized progesterone
- Microscopic epididymal sperm extraction
- Miscarriage
- Mixed agglutination reaction
- Motility
- Mucus
- Mullerian anomalies
- Multiple gestations
- Myoionositol
- Myoma
- Myomectomy
- Natural cycle
- Natural hatching
- Natural killer cell
- Nausea
- Necrospermia
- Neosalpingostomy
- Neural tube defects
- Noonan’s syndrome
- Normal ovulation
- Obesity
- Obstructive azoospermia
- Oligoasthenospermia
- Oligomenorrhea
- Oligo-ovulation
- Oligospermia
- Omental adhesions
- Oophorectomy
- Oophoritis
- Oral contraceptive
- Oral glucose tolerance test
- Orchidopexy
- Ovarian disorders
- Ovarian drilling
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- Ovarian preservation
- Ovarian reserve tests
- Ovarian stimulation
- Ovarian tissue cryopreservation
- Ovary
- Ovulation
- Ovulation induction
- Ovulatory cycle
- Ovum pick-up
- Pale endometrium
- Peak systolic velocity
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Perforation
- Peritoneum
- Placenta
- Platelet-rich plasma
- Polycystic ovarian disease
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- Polyp
- Polypectomy
- Poor ovarian reserve
- Poor quality embryo
- Poor sperm quality
- Postcoital test
- Pouch of douglas
- Powder burns
- Prednisone
- Pregnancy
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
- Premature ovulation aging
- Primary ovarian failure
- Progesterone
- Prolactin
- Pseudocyesis
- Puberty
- Pyosalpinx
- Radiation
- Radiotherapy
- Reactive oxygen species
- Recurrent implantation failures
- Recurrent pregnancy loss
- Reproductive Medicine
- Retrograde ejaculation
- Retroverted uterus
- Rubella
- Saline
- Salpingectomy
- Salpingitis
- Salpingostomy
- Scrotal sonography
- Semen
- Semen analysis
- Semen collection
- Sepsis
- Septate uterus
- Sertoli cell-only syndrome
- Serum
- Sex hormone
- Sperm
- Sperm DNA fragmentation
- Spermatic cords
- Spermatids
- Spermatogenesis
- Spermatozoa
- Stimulation
- Submucus
- Surrogacy
- Swin-down technique
- Swim-up technique
- Tail defects
- Testicular sperm
- Testis
- Testosterone
- Thin endometrium
- Thrombophilia
- Thyroid hormone
- Torsion
- Transvaginal ultrasonography
- Tubal cannulation
- Tubal surgery
- Tuboplasty
- Tunel assay
- Ultrasound
- Unicornuate uterus
- Uterine abnormalities
- Uterine cavity
- Vagina
- Vaginal septae
- Vaginismus
- Varicocele
- Vas deferens
- Vasal aplasia
- Vasectomy
- Viscosity
- Vitamin D
- Y chromosome microdeletion
- Zinc
- Zona
Samarth IVF – Glossary of Terms (General Definitions of IVF-related Medical Terms)
Definition: The process of freezing and storing sperm, eggs, or embryos for future use in fertility treatments.
Cryptorchidism
Definition: A condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum, which can affect sperm production and male fertility.
Cryptozoospermia
Definition: A severe form of male infertility where sperm are nearly absent in semen, requiring advanced techniques for sperm retrieval.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Definition: A hormonal disorder caused by high cortisol levels, which can lead to menstrual irregularities and infertility in women.
Cyproterone Acetate
Definition: A medication used to treat conditions like excessive hair growth and acne by blocking the effects of male hormones, sometimes used in fertility treatments.
Cyst
Definition: A fluid-filled sac that can form in the ovaries or other reproductive organs, sometimes interfering with fertility.
Cystic Fibrosis
Definition: A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, often leading to male infertility due to blockages in the reproductive tract.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Definition: A common virus that can cause complications in pregnancy, including birth defects if a mother is infected during pregnancy.
Danazol
Definition: A medication used to treat endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease by lowering estrogen levels, often prescribed to improve fertility.
D-Chiro-Inositol
Definition: A supplement that can help improve insulin sensitivity and hormone balance, often used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Dermoids
Definition: Benign ovarian tumors containing tissue such as hair, skin, or teeth, which can impact fertility if they grow large.
Dexamethasone
Definition: A corticosteroid medication used to reduce inflammation and manage conditions like autoimmune disorders that can affect fertility.
Diabetes Mellitus
Definition: A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, which can lead to complications in fertility and pregnancy.
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Definition: A synthetic estrogen previously used to prevent miscarriages, now linked to fertility issues and reproductive tract abnormalities in offspring.
Diminished Ovarian Reserve
Definition: A condition where the ovaries have fewer eggs than expected for a woman’s age, leading to reduced fertility.
Direct Swim Up
Definition: A laboratory technique used in semen analysis where motile sperm are separated from non-motile sperm, enhancing the chances of successful fertilization.
Distal Tubal Obstruction
Definition: A blockage in the far end of the fallopian tube, preventing the egg from reaching the uterus and causing infertility.
DNA Damage
Definition: Harm to the genetic material within cells, which can affect sperm or egg quality and lead to infertility or genetic disorders in offspring.
Dominant Follicle
Definition: The largest and most mature follicle in the ovary that releases an egg during ovulation, essential for natural conception.
Donor
Definition: A person who provides eggs, sperm, or embryos for use in assisted reproductive techniques like IVF to help others conceive.
Dopamine Agonist
Definition: A medication that mimics dopamine effects, used to treat conditions like high prolactin levels that can interfere with ovulation.
Double Insemination
Definition: A fertility treatment where sperm is introduced into the uterus twice in one cycle to increase the chances of conception.
Double Ovarian Stimulation Protocol
Definition: A fertility treatment where the ovaries are stimulated twice in one menstrual cycle to retrieve more eggs for IVF.
Down’s Syndrome
Definition: A genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21, leading to developmental delays and physical disabilities, often screened for in pregnancy.
Ductal Obstruction
Definition: A blockage in the ducts of the reproductive organs, such as the fallopian tubes or vas deferens, which can cause infertility.
Dydrogesterone
Definition: A synthetic hormone used to support the luteal phase and early pregnancy in women undergoing fertility treatments.
Dye Free Flow
Definition: A diagnostic procedure where dye is introduced into the reproductive tract to check for blockages or abnormal flow, often used in fertility assessments.
Dysmenorrhea
Definition: Painful menstrual cramps that can interfere with daily activities and sometimes indicate underlying fertility issues like endometriosis.
Dyspareunia
Definition: Painful intercourse, which can be a symptom of underlying reproductive conditions like endometriosis or vaginal infections.
Dysuria
Definition: Painful or difficult urination, which can be related to infections or conditions affecting the reproductive organs.
Echogenic Stroma
Definition: The dense, echo-producing tissue in the ovaries, often seen on ultrasound in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Ectopic Pregnancy
Definition: A pregnancy where the embryo implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube, which can be life-threatening if not treated.
Ejaculate
Definition: The fluid containing sperm and seminal fluid that is expelled during ejaculation, crucial for natural conception.
Ejaculation
Definition: The process of expelling semen from the male reproductive tract, essential for the natural fertilization of an egg.
Ejaculatory Disorder
Definition: Any condition that affects normal ejaculation, such as premature ejaculation or retrograde ejaculation, which can cause infertility.
Ejaculatory Duct
Definition: A duct through which semen passes during ejaculation; blockages here can lead to male infertility.
Ejaculatory Failure
Definition: The inability to ejaculate, which can be caused by neurological or psychological factors, and can result in infertility.
Ejaculatory Function
Definition: The normal process of semen expulsion, which is crucial for male fertility and natural conception.
Ejaculatory Obstruction
Definition: A blockage in the ejaculatory ducts, preventing semen from being expelled during ejaculation, leading to infertility.
Electrical Injury
Definition: Damage to the body caused by electrical shock, which can affect the reproductive organs and fertility if severe.
Embryo
Definition: A fertilized egg that has begun dividing and developing, usually transferred to the uterus during IVF for pregnancy.
Embryo Transfer
Definition: The final step of IVF where a fertilized embryo is placed into the woman’s uterus to establish a pregnancy.
Embryogenesis
Definition: The process by which an embryo forms and develops, starting from fertilization until the early stages of fetal development.
Embryotoxic Factors
Definition: Substances or conditions that can harm an embryo, leading to failed implantation or miscarriage.
Empty Follicular Syndrome
Definition: A rare condition in IVF where no eggs are retrieved from mature follicles during the egg retrieval process.
Enclomiphene
Definition: An isomer of clomiphene used to induce ovulation in women who are having difficulty conceiving.
Endocervical Canal
Definition: The passageway within the cervix that connects the uterus to the vagina, important in fertility assessments.
Endocervix
Definition: The inner part of the cervix that produces mucus and plays a role in fertility by facilitating or hindering sperm movement.
Endocrinopathy
Definition: Any disease or disorder affecting the endocrine glands, which can disrupt hormone balance and fertility.
Endometrial Ablation
Definition: A procedure that destroys the lining of the uterus to treat heavy menstrual bleeding, which can affect fertility.
Endometrial Adhesions
Definition: Scar tissue in the uterus, often caused by surgery or infection, which can lead to infertility by obstructing the uterine cavity.
Endometrial Cavity
Definition: The inner space of the uterus lined by the endometrium, where the embryo implants during a normal pregnancy.
Endometrial Factors
Definition: Conditions related to the lining of the uterus, such as thickness or polyps, that can affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Endometrial Polyps
Definition: Small growths in the lining of the uterus that can cause abnormal bleeding and infertility by interfering with embryo implantation.
Endometrial Preparation
Definition: The process of preparing the uterine lining to receive an embryo in fertility treatments like IVF.
Endometrial Proteins
Definition: Proteins produced by the uterine lining that play a role in embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance.
Endometrial Receptivity
Definition: The ability of the uterine lining to accept an embryo for implantation, critical for a successful pregnancy in IVF.
Endometrial Scratching
Definition: A procedure where the uterine lining is intentionally scratched to improve the chances of embryo implantation during IVF.
Endometrial Synechiae
Definition: Scar tissue bands within the uterus, often resulting from surgery or infection, which can cause infertility.
Endometrial Thickness
Definition: The measurement of the uterine lining’s thickness, which is important for assessing its readiness for embryo implantation.
Endometriosis
Definition: A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and infertility.
Endometritis
Definition: Inflammation of the uterine lining, often due to infection, which can interfere with fertility and pregnancy.
Endometrium
Definition: The lining of the uterus that thickens each month in preparation for pregnancy and sheds during menstruation.
Endoscopy
Definition: A procedure using a camera to view the inside of the body, often used to diagnose conditions affecting fertility.
Epididymal Obstruction
Definition: A blockage in the epididymis, the tube where sperm mature, leading to male infertility.
Epididymis
Definition: A tube in the male reproductive system where sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation.
Erectile Function
Definition: The ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, essential for natural conception.
Erection
Definition: The process by which the penis becomes firm and enlarged, necessary for sexual intercourse and natural conception.
Erosion
Definition: The wearing away of tissue, such as the cervical lining, which can cause abnormal bleeding and affect fertility.
Estradiol
Definition: A form of estrogen produced by the ovaries that plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle and fertility.
Estrogen
Definition: A group of hormones responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.
Ethinylestradiol
Definition: A synthetic form of estrogen used in oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy to regulate menstrual cycles and prevent pregnancy.
Fallopian Tube
Definition: A pair of tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus, where fertilization typically occurs.
False Empty Follicular Syndrome
Definition: A condition during IVF where no eggs are retrieved from follicles, despite the appearance of mature follicles on ultrasound, but it is not a true absence of eggs.
Fasting Insulin
Definition: A blood test that measures insulin levels after fasting, used to assess insulin resistance, which can affect fertility.
Fasting Plasma Glucose
Definition: A blood test that measures blood sugar levels after fasting, used to diagnose diabetes, which can impact fertility.
Fasting Serum Insulin
Definition: A test measuring insulin levels in the blood after fasting, important for diagnosing metabolic issues that can affect fertility.
Female Fertility
Definition: The natural ability of a woman to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term.
Female Infertility
Definition: The inability of a woman to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse, or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term.
Female Reproductive Organs
Definition: The organs in a woman’s body responsible for reproduction, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina.
Fertility
Definition: The ability to conceive a child naturally or with the help of assisted reproductive technologies.
Fertilization
Definition: The process by which a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a zygote, the first stage of pregnancy.
Fibroid
Definition: A benign tumor of the uterine muscle that can cause pain, heavy bleeding, and sometimes infertility.
Fibrosis
Definition: The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, which can affect organs like the ovaries and fallopian tubes, leading to fertility issues.
Fimbrial Block
Definition: A blockage at the fimbriae, the finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes, preventing the egg from reaching the uterus.
Fimbrial Agglutination
Definition: The clumping together of the fimbriae, which can hinder the egg’s passage into the fallopian tube.
Fimbrioplasty
Definition: A surgical procedure to repair or reconstruct the fimbriae, improving fertility by allowing the egg to reach the uterus.
Fimbriostomy
Definition: A surgical procedure to create a new opening in the fimbriae to improve the chances of natural conception.
Flimsy Adhesions
Definition: Thin bands of scar tissue that can form between reproductive organs, potentially causing pain or infertility.
Fluid Collection
Definition: The accumulation of fluid in the pelvic cavity or uterus, which can be a sign of infection, inflammation, or other conditions affecting fertility.
Follicle
Definition: A fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains an immature egg; its growth and development are essential for ovulation.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Definition: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, crucial for ovulation and fertility.
Follicular Development
Definition: The process of growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, leading to the release of a mature egg during ovulation.
Follicular Dominance
Definition: The process by which one follicle becomes larger and more mature than others, ultimately releasing an egg during ovulation.
Follicular Function
Definition: The activity and development of ovarian follicles, which is critical for ovulation and fertility.
Follicular Growth
Definition: The increase in size and maturation of ovarian follicles, which is monitored during fertility treatments like IVF.
Follicular Monitoring
Definition: The process of tracking the growth and development of ovarian follicles using ultrasound, often used in fertility treatments.
Follicular Output Rate
Definition: A measure of the number of eggs retrieved from mature follicles during IVF, indicating the effectiveness of ovarian stimulation.
Follicular Selection
Definition: The process by which the dominant follicle is chosen for ovulation, while other follicles regress.
Folliculogenesis
Definition: The entire process of ovarian follicle growth and maturation, starting from the primordial follicle to the ovulation of a mature egg.
Free Androgen Index
Definition: A calculation used to assess the levels of androgens (male hormones) in a woman’s body, which can affect fertility.
Free Fluid
Definition: Fluid that accumulates in the pelvic cavity, often seen on ultrasound, which can indicate infection, inflammation, or other fertility issues.
Frozen Embryo Transfer
Definition: A procedure in which a previously frozen embryo is thawed and transferred to the uterus, used in IVF cycles.
Frozen Oocyte
Definition: An egg that has been harvested, frozen, and stored for future use in assisted reproductive techniques like IVF.
Frozen Pelvis
Definition: A severe condition where extensive adhesions cause the pelvic organs to become immobile, often leading to infertility.
Galactorrhea
Definition: The unexpected production of breast milk, often due to hormonal imbalances, which can affect fertility.
Gene Expert
Definition: A molecular diagnostic test that detects genetic mutations, used to identify genetic disorders that could affect fertility.
Genetic Disorders
Definition: Inherited conditions caused by DNA abnormalities, which can affect fertility or lead to pregnancy complications.
Genital Infections
Definition: Infections of the reproductive organs that can lead to infertility if left untreated, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.
Genital Organ
Definition: The organs involved in reproduction, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia in women, and the testes, vas deferens, and penis in men.
Genital Tuberculosis
Definition: A type of tuberculosis that affects the reproductive organs, often leading to infertility if not treated.
Genuine Empty Follicular Syndrome
Definition: A rare condition in which no eggs are retrieved from follicles during IVF, despite normal hormone levels and ultrasound findings.
Gestational Sac
Definition: The first visible sign of early pregnancy on an ultrasound, indicating that the embryo has implanted in the uterus.
Glands
Definition: Structures in the body that secrete hormones or other substances; in reproduction, glands like the ovaries and pituitary play key roles in fertility.
Globozoospermia
Definition: A rare condition where sperm have round heads and lack the acrosome, impairing their ability to fertilize an egg.
Globulin
Definition: A type of protein in the blood that carries hormones, including sex hormones, and is involved in immune response.
Gonadotropin
Definition: A hormone that stimulates the gonads (ovaries in women and testes in men) to produce eggs or sperm, essential for fertility.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Definition: A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH), which regulate reproductive processes.
Gonadotropin Therapy
Definition: A fertility treatment involving the use of hormones like FSH and LH to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
Graves’ Disease
Definition: An autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism, which can interfere with fertility.
Growth Hormone
Definition: A hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction, sometimes used in fertility treatments to improve ovarian response.
Gynecomastia
Definition: The enlargement of breast tissue in men, often due to hormonal imbalances, which can affect fertility.
Haploid Sperms
Definition: Sperm cells that contain half the normal number of chromosomes (23), essential for fertilization to combine with an egg’s chromosomes.
Hematosalpinx
Definition: The accumulation of blood in the fallopian tube, often caused by ectopic pregnancy or endometriosis, which can affect fertility.
Hematuria
Definition: The presence of blood in urine, which can indicate a variety of medical conditions, including those affecting the urinary tract.
Hemoglobin
Definition: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body, crucial for overall health, including reproductive health.
Hemorrhages
Definition: Excessive or uncontrolled bleeding, which can occur in various organs, including the reproductive system, and may impact fertility.
Heparin
Definition: An anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots, sometimes used during IVF to improve implantation success.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
Definition: A protein on the surface of the hepatitis B virus; testing for it helps diagnose hepatitis B, which can affect fertility and pregnancy.
Highly Purified Human Menopausal Gonadotropin
Definition: A fertility drug that stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs, used in treatments like IVF for better ovarian response.
Highly Selective Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor
Definition: A drug that blocks estrogen production, often used in fertility treatments to regulate hormone levels and improve ovulation.
Hirsutism
Definition: Excessive hair growth in women in areas where men typically grow hair, often caused by hormonal imbalances related to fertility issues.
Hormonal Therapy
Definition: The use of hormones to treat various medical conditions, including infertility, by regulating the reproductive system.
Hot Air Oven
Definition: A laboratory device used for sterilizing equipment by circulating hot air, ensuring a sterile environment for fertility treatments.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Definition: A hormone produced during pregnancy that is also used in fertility treatments to trigger ovulation and support early pregnancy.
Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (hMG)
Definition: A fertility drug containing FSH and LH, used to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs during IVF cycles.
Human Spermatozoa
Definition: The male reproductive cells (sperm) that fertilize the female egg, essential for conception.
Humidity
Definition: The amount of moisture in the air, which must be carefully controlled in laboratories where fertility treatments are conducted.
Hyaluronidase
Definition: An enzyme used in assisted reproductive technologies to help sperm penetrate the egg by breaking down surrounding hyaluronic acid.
Definition: A diagnostic procedure using saline and ultrasound to visualize the inside of the uterus, helping to detect abnormalities affecting fertility.
Hydrosalpinx
Definition: A condition where a fallopian tube is blocked and filled with fluid, often leading to infertility.
Hyperandrogenism
Definition: A condition characterized by excessive levels of male hormones (androgens) in women, often causing fertility issues.
Hyperemia
Definition: Increased blood flow to a specific area, which can occur in the reproductive organs during certain conditions or treatments.
Hyperglycemia
Definition: High blood sugar levels, often associated with diabetes, which can negatively impact fertility and pregnancy.
Hyperinsulinemia
Definition: Elevated levels of insulin in the blood, often linked to insulin resistance and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), affecting fertility.
Hyperplasia
Definition: An abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, which can occur in the endometrium and impact fertility.
Hyperprolactinemia
Definition: A condition characterized by elevated levels of prolactin hormone, which can interfere with ovulation and cause infertility.
Hyperthecosis
Definition: A condition where the ovarian stroma produces excess androgens, leading to symptoms like hirsutism and affecting fertility.
Hyperthyroid
Definition: A condition where the thyroid gland is overactive, producing too much thyroid hormone, which can impact fertility and pregnancy.
Hyperthyroidism
Definition: A disorder caused by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production and potential fertility issues.
Hypergonadism
Definition: A condition characterized by excessive hormone production by the gonads, which can disrupt normal reproductive functions.
Hypomenorrhea
Definition: Abnormally light menstrual bleeding, which can be a symptom of underlying reproductive issues.
Hypo-osmotic Swelling
Definition: A test used to assess sperm membrane integrity, an important factor in determining sperm quality and fertility.
Hypospadias
Definition: A congenital condition in males where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, which can affect reproductive function.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
Definition: The system of hormonal interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads that regulates reproduction and fertility.
Hypothalamus
Definition: A region of the brain that controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, playing a crucial role in regulating fertility.
Hypothyroid
Definition: A condition where the thyroid gland is underactive, leading to reduced thyroid hormone production and potential fertility problems.
Hypothyroidism
Definition: A condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, which can lead to infertility or complications during pregnancy.
Hysterectomy
Definition: A surgical procedure to remove the uterus, which results in the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy.
Hysterolaparoscopy
Definition: A combined surgical procedure that uses both hysteroscopy and laparoscopy to diagnose and treat reproductive issues.
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
Definition: An X-ray procedure that checks the uterus and fallopian tubes for blockages, helping to diagnose causes of infertility.
Hysteroscope
Definition: A thin, lighted instrument used to examine the inside of the uterus during a hysteroscopy, a procedure to diagnose and treat uterine conditions.
Iliac Vessels
Definition: Major blood vessels in the pelvic region that supply blood to the lower abdomen, pelvis, and legs, playing a crucial role in reproductive organ health.
Immotile Cilia Syndrome
Definition: A rare genetic disorder where cilia (tiny hair-like structures) do not move properly, leading to respiratory issues and potential infertility due to impaired sperm or egg transport.
Immunoglobulins Implantation
Definition: Immunoglobulins, or antibodies, are proteins used by the immune system; during implantation, the immune environment is crucial for the successful attachment of an embryo to the uterine wall.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Definition: A fertility treatment where eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body in a laboratory, with the resulting embryos transferred to the uterus.
Incomplete Septae
Definition: A condition where the uterus has a partial or incomplete wall of tissue dividing it, which can impact fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Infertile Male
Definition: A man who has difficulty achieving a pregnancy due to factors like low sperm count, poor sperm quality, or other reproductive issues.
Infertility
Definition: The inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse, affecting both men and women and often requiring medical evaluation and treatment.
Inflammation
Definition: The body’s response to injury or infection, which can occur in reproductive organs, potentially leading to conditions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Insemination
Definition: The introduction of sperm into the female reproductive system by natural or artificial means, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI), to achieve fertilization.
Insulin
Definition: A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels; insulin resistance can affect fertility, particularly in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Interleukins
Definition: A group of cytokines (proteins) that play a role in the immune system, including in reproductive processes like implantation and embryo development.
Intestines
Definition: The digestive organs that absorb nutrients and remove waste; though not directly related to reproduction, their health can impact overall fertility and pregnancy.
Intra-Abdominal Organ
Definition: Organs located within the abdominal cavity, including the uterus, ovaries, and intestines, essential for digestion, reproduction, and other bodily functions.
Intracytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection (IMSI)
Definition: An advanced form of IVF where sperm are selected under high magnification for injection into the egg, improving the chances of fertilization.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Definition: A fertility treatment where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to achieve fertilization, often used in cases of male infertility.
Intrafollicular Echoes
Definition: Ultrasound findings that show echoes within a follicle, which can indicate the presence of blood or other material, relevant in assessing ovarian health during fertility treatments.
Intramural Fibroid
Definition: A type of fibroid that grows within the muscular wall of the uterus, which can affect fertility and pregnancy depending on its size and location.
Intrauterine Adhesions
Definition: Scar tissue within the uterus, often resulting from surgery or infection, which can cause menstrual abnormalities and infertility.
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Definition: A small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy, commonly used as a long-term, reversible contraceptive method.
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Definition: A fertility treatment where sperm is placed directly into a woman’s uterus to increase the chances of fertilization.
Irradiation
Definition: The use of radiation, often for medical treatments like cancer therapy, which can impact fertility depending on the area treated.
Joints
Definition: The connections between bones that allow for movement; while not directly related to fertility, joint health is important for overall physical well-being.
Kallmann’s Syndrome
Definition: A genetic disorder characterized by delayed or absent puberty and an impaired sense of smell, often leading to infertility due to hormonal deficiencies.
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Definition: A genetic condition in males where an extra X chromosome is present, often leading to reduced testosterone levels, infertility, and other health issues.
Kruger Sperm Morphology
Definition: A strict analysis of sperm shape (morphology) used to assess male fertility, with better morphology associated with higher chances of fertilization.
Labotect Catheter
Definition: A specialized catheter used in assisted reproductive procedures like embryo transfer, designed to ensure safe and effective placement of embryos into the uterus.
Laminar Air Flows
Definition: Controlled airflow systems used in laboratories to maintain a sterile environment, crucial for procedures like IVF to protect embryos from contamination.
Laparoscopic Procedures
Definition: Minimally invasive surgeries using small incisions and a camera (laparoscope) to diagnose and treat conditions, commonly used in fertility treatments.
Laparoscopy
Definition: A surgical procedure where a laparoscope is inserted into the abdomen to examine and treat reproductive organs, often used in diagnosing infertility.
L-Arginine
Definition: An amino acid that improves blood flow and is sometimes used to support fertility by enhancing the uterine lining and overall reproductive health.
Lasers
Definition: Precision tools used in medical procedures, including fertility treatments, for tasks like assisted hatching or cutting tissue with minimal damage.
Letrozole
Definition: A medication used to stimulate ovulation in women with fertility issues, often prescribed as an alternative to clomiphene citrate.
Leuprolide
Definition: A hormone used in fertility treatments to regulate or suppress natural hormone production, helping control the timing of ovulation during IVF cycles.
Live Birth Rate
Definition: The percentage of all IVF or fertility treatment cycles that result in the birth of a living baby, a key metric for assessing treatment success.
Live Spermatozoa
Definition: Sperm cells that are alive and capable of fertilizing an egg, crucial for successful conception in natural or assisted reproduction.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Definition: A blood-thinning medication often used in fertility treatments to prevent blood clots, particularly in patients with clotting disorders.
Luteal Phase
Definition: The post-ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle when the uterine lining is prepared for potential pregnancy, supported by progesterone production.
Luteinized Unruptured Follicle
Definition: A condition where the follicle matures but does not release an egg, leading to potential fertility issues.
Luteinizing Hormone
Definition: A hormone that triggers ovulation and supports the function of the corpus luteum, essential in both natural and assisted reproductive processes.
Male Factor Infertility
Definition: Infertility issues in men due to factors like low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology.
Male Infertility
Definition: The inability to conceive due to issues related to sperm production, function, or delivery, often requiring specialized evaluation and treatment.
Male Partner Ultrasound Assessment
Definition: An ultrasound examination of the male reproductive organs, used to diagnose conditions like varicocele or obstruction that may affect fertility.
Male Reproductive System
Definition: The organs involved in male reproduction, including the testes, vas deferens, and penis, which produce and deliver sperm.
Mature Follicle
Definition: A follicle that has fully developed and is ready to release an egg during ovulation, critical for successful conception.
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Definition: A synthetic form of progesterone used to regulate menstrual cycles and treat conditions like endometriosis or abnormal uterine bleeding.
Melatonin
Definition: A hormone that regulates sleep and is also involved in reproductive health, potentially improving egg quality and embryo implantation.
Menorrhagia
Definition: Abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, which can be a symptom of underlying reproductive health issues like fibroids or hormonal imbalances.
Menses
Definition: The monthly menstrual bleeding that occurs as part of the female reproductive cycle when pregnancy does not occur.
Menstrual Cycle
Definition: The regular monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system, including ovulation and menstruation, crucial for fertility.
Metformin
Definition: A medication commonly used to treat insulin resistance, especially in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), to improve ovulation and fertility.
Microadenoma
Definition: A small, benign tumor of the pituitary gland that can affect hormone levels, potentially impacting fertility.
Micro-Insemination
Definition: A fertility technique, often referring to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg.
Micronized Progesterone
Definition: A bioidentical form of progesterone used in fertility treatments to support the luteal phase and early pregnancy.
Microscopic Epididymal Sperm Extraction
Definition: A surgical procedure to retrieve sperm directly from the epididymis in men with obstructive azoospermia, used in conjunction with IVF.
Miscarriage
Definition: The loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks, a common complication that can be caused by various genetic, anatomical, or hormonal factors.
Mixed Agglutination Reaction
Definition: A test used to detect the presence of antisperm antibodies, which can cause sperm to clump together and reduce fertility.
Motility
Definition: The ability of sperm to move efficiently, which is crucial for reaching and fertilizing the egg in natural or assisted reproduction.
Mucus
Definition: A fluid produced by various glands, including cervical mucus, which plays a key role in fertility by helping sperm travel through the female reproductive tract.
Mullerian Anomalies
Definition: Congenital abnormalities of the female reproductive tract, such as a septate uterus, which can affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Multiple Gestations
Definition: A pregnancy where more than one fetus develops, such as twins or triplets, which can occur naturally or as a result of fertility treatments.
Myo-Inositol
Definition: A supplement often used in fertility treatments, particularly for women with PCOS, to improve insulin sensitivity and ovarian function.
Myoma
Definition: Another term for fibroid, a benign tumor of the uterine muscle that can cause symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding and infertility.
Myomectomy
Definition: A surgical procedure to remove fibroids from the uterus while preserving fertility, often performed to improve reproductive outcomes.
Natural Cycle
Definition: A fertility treatment approach that does not involve hormone stimulation, relying on the body’s natural ovulation process for procedures like IVF.
Natural Hatching
Definition: The process by which an embryo naturally emerges from its outer shell (zona pellucida) to implant in the uterus, a critical step in early pregnancy.
Natural Killer Cell
Definition: A type of immune cell that can influence pregnancy outcomes, with abnormal activity potentially leading to recurrent miscarriage or implantation failure.
Nausea
Definition: A common symptom of early pregnancy or side effect of fertility medications, characterized by a feeling of sickness or an urge to vomit.
Necrospermia
Definition: A condition where a significant percentage of sperm are dead, leading to infertility and requiring specialized treatment or sperm retrieval techniques.
Neosalpingostomy
Definition: A surgical procedure to create a new opening in a blocked fallopian tube, aimed at restoring fertility in women with tubal obstructions.
Neural Tube Defects
Definition: Birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord, such as spina bifida, often preventable with adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy.
Noonan’s Syndrome
Definition: A genetic disorder that affects various parts of the body, including heart defects and developmental delays, and may impact fertility.
Normal Ovulation
Definition: The regular release of a mature egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle, essential for natural conception.
Obesity
Definition: A medical condition characterized by excessive body fat that can impact overall health and fertility, often managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Obstructive Azoospermia
Definition: A type of male infertility where sperm is produced but cannot leave the body due to blockages in the reproductive tract.
Oligoasthenospermia
Definition: A condition where sperm count is low and sperm motility is reduced, affecting fertility and the ability to conceive.
Oligomenorrhea
Definition: Infrequent menstrual periods occurring more than 35 days apart, which can indicate hormonal imbalances or reproductive disorders.
Oligo-ovulation
Definition: Infrequent ovulation, where eggs are not released regularly, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and difficulty conceiving.
Oligospermia
Definition: Low sperm count in the ejaculate, a common cause of male infertility that may require diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
Omental Adhesions
Definition: Scar tissue forming between the omentum (a layer of the abdominal cavity) and other organs, which can impact reproductive health and fertility.
Oophorectomy
Definition: Surgical removal of one or both ovaries, which may be necessary for certain medical conditions but affects fertility and hormone levels.
Oophoritis
Definition: Inflammation of the ovaries, often caused by infection or autoimmune disorders, which can impact ovarian function and fertility.
Oral Contraceptive
Definition: Birth control pills taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy, regulate menstrual cycles, and manage hormonal disorders.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Definition: A test used to measure the body’s ability to process glucose, often used to diagnose diabetes or insulin resistance, which can affect fertility.
Orchidopexy
Definition: A surgical procedure to correct undescended testicles, which can improve fertility and prevent potential complications.
Ovarian Disorders
Definition: Conditions affecting the ovaries, such as PCOS or ovarian cysts, that can impact hormone levels and reproductive health.
Ovarian Drilling
Definition: A laparoscopic procedure used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by creating small holes in the ovaries to improve ovulation.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Definition: A condition where ovaries become swollen and painful due to overstimulation from fertility medications, sometimes leading to serious complications.
Ovarian Preservation
Definition: Techniques to protect and maintain ovarian function during treatments like chemotherapy or surgery, important for future fertility.
Ovarian Reserve Tests
Definition: Tests to assess the quantity and quality of a woman’s remaining eggs, helping evaluate her fertility potential.
Ovarian Stimulation
Definition: Use of medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs for use in assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation
Definition: The process of freezing ovarian tissue for future use, often performed to preserve fertility before medical treatments that may affect ovarian function.
Ovary
Definition: The female reproductive organ that produces eggs and hormones, essential for ovulation and fertility.
Ovulation
Definition: The release of a mature egg from the ovary, a critical process for natural conception and often monitored in fertility treatments.
Ovulation Induction
Definition: Medical treatment to stimulate the ovaries to produce and release eggs, commonly used in fertility treatments to help achieve conception.
Ovulatory Cycle
Definition: The regular cycle of hormonal changes leading to the release of an egg from the ovary, which is crucial for natural fertility.
Ovum Pick-Up
Definition: A procedure to retrieve eggs from the ovaries for use in assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF.
Pale Endometrium
Definition: A condition where the lining of the uterus is thin or discolored, which can affect implantation and pregnancy outcomes.
Peak Systolic Velocity
Definition: A measurement of blood flow velocity used in ultrasound assessments, which can help evaluate reproductive health and uterine blood flow.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Definition: An infection of the female reproductive organs that can cause scarring and affect fertility if left untreated.
Perforation
Definition: A hole or tear in a tissue or organ, such as the uterus, which can result from medical procedures and impact fertility.
Peritoneum
Definition: The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs, which can be affected by conditions like endometriosis.
Placenta
Definition: The organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus during pregnancy and removes waste products from the baby’s blood.
Platelet-Rich Plasma
Definition: A treatment involving injections of concentrated platelets to stimulate healing, sometimes used in fertility treatments to enhance ovarian function.
Polycystic Ovarian Disease
Definition: A condition characterized by multiple cysts on the ovaries, leading to hormonal imbalances and fertility issues.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Definition: A common endocrine disorder affecting women’s hormone levels, causing symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, and excess hair growth.
Polyp
Definition: A benign growth in the uterine lining or cervix that can cause abnormal bleeding and may affect fertility.
Polypectomy
Definition: A surgical procedure to remove polyps from the uterus or cervix, often performed to address abnormal bleeding or infertility.
Poor Ovarian Reserve
Definition: A condition where the ovaries have a reduced number of healthy eggs, affecting the likelihood of successful conception.
Poor Quality Embryo
Definition: An embryo with abnormal development or structure, which can reduce the chances of successful implantation and pregnancy.
Poor Sperm Quality
Definition: Reduced sperm health, including issues with motility, morphology, or count, which can impact male fertility.
Postcoital Test
Definition: A diagnostic test performed after intercourse to evaluate the interaction between sperm and cervical mucus, helping diagnose fertility issues.
Pouch of Douglas
Definition: The space between the uterus and rectum, where fluid can accumulate, often assessed during pelvic exams or ultrasounds.
Powder Burns
Definition: Small, burn-like lesions found on the pelvic organs, often associated with endometriosis or other inflammatory conditions.
Prednisone
Definition: A corticosteroid medication used to reduce inflammation and suppress immune responses, sometimes used in fertility treatments.
Pregnancy
Definition: The state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the uterus, confirmed by positive pregnancy tests and ultrasound.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
Definition: A procedure used during IVF to test embryos for genetic disorders before implantation, ensuring healthier embryos are selected.
Premature Ovulation Aging
Definition: The early loss of ovarian function, leading to diminished fertility and early onset of menopause.
Primary Ovarian Failure
Definition: A condition where the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40, leading to infertility and hormonal imbalances.
Progesterone
Definition: A hormone crucial for preparing the uterine lining for pregnancy and maintaining early pregnancy, often supplemented in fertility treatments.
Prolactin
Definition: A hormone that stimulates milk production; elevated levels can affect menstrual cycles and fertility.
Pseudocyesis
Definition: A condition where a woman experiences pregnancy-like symptoms but is not actually pregnant, often due to psychological factors.
Puberty
Definition: The stage of development when a person’s body matures and becomes capable of sexual reproduction, marked by physical and hormonal changes.
Pyosalpinx
Definition: An infection in the fallopian tubes causing pus accumulation, which can lead to pain and fertility issues.
Radiation: Energy emitted as electromagnetic waves or particles, commonly used in medical imaging and cancer treatment.
Radiotherapy: A treatment method that uses high doses of radiation to kill or shrink cancer cells.
Reactive Oxygen Species: Molecules produced in the body that can cause cell damage, often linked to stress and aging.
Recurrent Implantation Failures: When embryos fail to implant in the uterus after several IVF attempts.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: The loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies, often due to underlying health issues.
Reproductive Medicine
Definition: A branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating reproductive issues, including infertility, hormonal disorders, and pregnancy-related conditions.
Retrograde Ejaculation: A condition where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the penis during ejaculation.
Retroverted Uterus: A uterus that tilts backward instead of forward, sometimes affecting fertility.
Rubella: A contagious viral infection preventable by vaccine, which can cause complications during pregnancy.
Saline: A sterile saltwater solution used in medical procedures, including ultrasounds and surgeries.
Salpingectomy: Surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes, often done to treat ectopic pregnancy or prevent disease.
Salpingitis: Inflammation of the fallopian tubes, usually caused by infection, which can lead to infertility.
Salpingostomy: A surgical procedure to create an opening in the fallopian tube, often used to treat an ectopic pregnancy.
Scrotal Sonography: An ultrasound imaging technique used to examine the scrotum, testes, and surrounding structures.
Semen: The fluid that contains sperm and is ejaculated from the male reproductive system.
Semen Analysis: A test that evaluates the quality and quantity of sperm in a semen sample to assess male fertility.
Semen Collection: The process of obtaining a semen sample, often used for fertility testing or sperm banking.
Sepsis: A severe and life-threatening infection that spreads through the bloodstream, requiring immediate medical attention.
Septate Uterus: A congenital uterine abnormality where a fibrous band divides the uterine cavity, potentially causing miscarriage.
Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome: A condition where only Sertoli cells are present in the testes, leading to infertility due to the absence of sperm.
Serum: The clear, yellowish fluid that remains after blood clots, used in various medical tests.
Sex Hormone: Hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, that regulate sexual development and reproductive functions.
Sperm: Male reproductive cells that fertilize the female egg, essential for conception.
Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A condition where sperm DNA is damaged, affecting fertility and increasing the risk of miscarriage.
Spermatic Cords: A pair of cords that support the testes in the scrotum and contain blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens.
Spermatids: Immature sperm cells that develop into mature sperm during spermatogenesis.
Spermatogenesis: The process of sperm production in the testes, crucial for male fertility.
Spermatozoa: The fully mature and motile form of sperm cells that fertilize the female egg.
Stimulation: The use of medications to encourage the ovaries to produce multiple eggs during fertility treatment.
Submucus: Referring to the tissue layer beneath the mucous membrane, often discussed in relation to uterine conditions.
Surrogacy: An arrangement where a woman carries and delivers a baby for another person or couple.
Swim-Down Technique: A laboratory method used to separate healthy, motile sperm from immotile ones.
Swim-Up Technique: A method used in fertility labs to isolate the healthiest, most active sperm for use in treatments like IUI and IVF.
Tail Defects: Abnormalities in the tail of a sperm cell that can affect its movement and the ability to fertilize an egg.
Testicular Sperm: Sperm retrieved directly from the testicles, often used in fertility treatments when ejaculation is not possible.
Testis: The male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm and testosterone.
Testosterone: The primary male sex hormone that regulates sexual development, muscle mass, and fertility.
Thin Endometrium: A condition where the uterine lining is too thin to support embryo implantation, often leading to fertility challenges.
Thrombophilia: A condition that increases the risk of blood clots, which can complicate pregnancy and fertility treatments.
Thyroid Hormone: Hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth, and reproductive health.
Torsion: A medical emergency where a testicle twists, cutting off its blood supply, often requiring immediate surgery to save the testicle.
Transvaginal Ultrasonography: An ultrasound technique where a probe is inserted into the vagina to get clear images of the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic organs.
Tubal Cannulation: A procedure to open blocked fallopian tubes, improving the chances of natural conception.
Tubal Surgery: Surgical procedures performed on the fallopian tubes to repair blockages or other issues that affect fertility.
Tuboplasty: A surgical procedure to reconstruct or repair the fallopian tubes, often done to improve fertility.
Tunel Assay: A lab test used to measure DNA fragmentation in sperm, helping to assess male fertility.
Ultrasound: A diagnostic imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of internal organs, commonly used in pregnancy and fertility assessments.
Unicornuate Uterus: A congenital uterine abnormality where only one side of the uterus is fully developed, potentially affecting pregnancy outcomes.
Uterine Abnormalities: Structural issues in the uterus, such as fibroids or septa, that can affect fertility and pregnancy.
Uterine Cavity: The hollow space within the uterus where a fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy.
Vagina: The muscular canal that connects the cervix to the outside of the female body, playing a key role in menstruation, intercourse, and childbirth.
Vaginal Septae: An abnormal band of tissue within the vagina that can cause discomfort or complications during intercourse or childbirth.
Vaginismus: A condition where the vaginal muscles involuntarily tighten, making intercourse or medical exams painful or impossible.
Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum that can affect sperm production and lead to infertility.
Vas Deferens: The tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra during ejaculation.
Vasal Aplasia: A congenital condition where the vas deferens are absent, leading to infertility due to the inability to transport sperm.
Vasectomy: A surgical procedure that cuts or blocks the vas deferens to prevent sperm from reaching the semen, used as a form of male contraception.
Viscosity: The thickness or stickiness of a fluid, often referring to semen consistency in fertility evaluations.
Vitamin D: An essential vitamin that supports bone health, immune function, and reproductive health, often linked to improved fertility outcomes.
Y Chromosome Microdeletion: A genetic condition where small pieces of the Y chromosome are missing, which can lead to male infertility.
Zinc: A vital mineral that supports immune function, hormone production, and male fertility by contributing to healthy sperm production.
Zona: Short for “zona pellucida,” the protective outer layer of an egg that sperm must penetrate to achieve fertilization.
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DISCLAIMER :
*This website is for providing general information only and should not be considered as medical advice or soliciting patients.
**An in-person consultation with the Doctor is adviced before practicing any remedies / recommendations mentioned on this website
