For women facing difficulties in conceiving, it is crucial to assess the health of the reproductive organs, particularly the uterus and fallopian tubes. One of the most commonly recommended diagnostic tests for this purpose is a Hysterosalpingogram (HSG), a specialized X-ray that provides valuable insight into the condition of the fallopian tubes and uterine cavity. Additionally, Sonosalpingography (SSG) is an alternative, less invasive test that offers similar information using ultrasound instead of X-rays.
In this blog, we will explore what HSG and SSG are, why they are performed, how they are done, and what to expect before, during, and after the procedures.
What is a Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)?
A Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is an X-ray imaging test that evaluates the structure and function of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It helps determine whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked and assesses the uterine cavity for any abnormalities that might be preventing pregnancy.
Why is an HSG Test Recommended?
Gynecologists typically recommend an HSG test for women who:
✅ Have been trying to conceive without success
✅ Have experienced recurrent miscarriages
✅ Are suspected to have blocked fallopian tubes
✅ Have undergone pelvic infections or surgeries affecting the reproductive system
✅ Are considering fertility treatments such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
By detecting potential issues in the fallopian tubes, such as blockages, adhesions, or abnormal tube shape, HSG plays a vital role in guiding fertility treatments.
How is the HSG Test Performed?
The HSG procedure is usually performed between the 7th and 12th day of the menstrual cycle to ensure that the patient is not pregnant and the uterus is in the best condition for imaging. The steps involved in the procedure include:
1. Preparation
- The doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection.
- Pain relievers such as ibuprofen may be recommended to minimize discomfort.
- The patient is advised to avoid intercourse a few days before the test.
2. The Procedure
- The patient lies on an X-ray table, similar to a pelvic examination.
- A contrast dye is injected into the uterus through the cervix.
- As the dye flows through the fallopian tubes, X-ray images are taken.
- The doctor observes whether the dye passes freely through the tubes, indicating that they are open, or if it is blocked at any point.
- The entire procedure takes 15-30 minutes.
3. What the HSG Test Reveals
The test can detect:
- Blocked Fallopian Tubes – Preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
- Uterine Abnormalities – Such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital defects.
- Scar Tissue or Adhesions – That may have formed due to infections or surgeries.
Who Should Avoid an HSG Test?
HSG is not performed if:
🚫 The patient’s period is more than 14 days late (possible pregnancy).
🚫 There is an active pelvic or genital infection.
🚫 The patient has recently undergone surgery on the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries.
Possible Side Effects of HSG
Although HSG is a safe procedure, some mild side effects may occur, including:
✅ Mild cramping or discomfort (similar to period pain).
✅ Vaginal spotting or light bleeding for a day or two.
✅ Pelvic infection (rare).
Women are usually able to return to normal activities the same day after the procedure.
What is Sonosalpingography (SSG)?
Sonosalpingography (SSG) is an ultrasound-based alternative to HSG that assesses the fallopian tubes and uterus without using X-rays. Instead of contrast dye, a sterile saline solution or foam-based medium is injected into the uterus, and ultrasound waves are used to visualize the reproductive organs.
How is SSG Different from HSG?
- SSG uses ultrasound instead of X-rays, making it radiation-free.
- Less painful than HSG since no contrast dye is used.
- Provides similar information about fallopian tube blockage and uterine abnormalities.
- Takes about 20-30 minutes to complete.
Why Choose Sonosalpingography (SSG)?
- Minimally invasive – No radiation exposure.
- Less discomfort compared to HSG.
- Safer for women who have a history of pelvic infections or allergies to contrast dye.
HSG vs. SSG: Which One is Better?
Both tests serve the same purpose – to determine if the fallopian tubes are open or blocked and to check for uterine abnormalities. However, the choice between HSG and SSG depends on various factors:Your doctor will recommend the best test based on your medical history, fertility concerns, and overall reproductive health.
| Factor | HSG (Hysterosalpingogram) | SSG (Sonosalpingography) |
|---|---|---|
| Imaging Method | X-ray with contrast dye | Ultrasound with saline |
| Radiation Exposure | Yes | No |
| Pain Level | Mild to moderate discomfort | Minimal discomfort |
| Procedure Time | 15-30 minutes | 20-30 minutes |
| Risk of Infection | Slightly higher | Lower |
| Accuracy | Highly accurate | Comparable accuracy |
What Happens After the Test?
After undergoing HSG or SSG, patients may:
✔️ Resume normal activities immediately.
✔️ Experience mild spotting or cramping, which usually resolves within 24 hours.
✔️ Receive a detailed report of the test, which helps in further fertility planning.
In some cases, women may conceive naturally within a few months after HSG because the dye can clear minor blockages in the tubes. If the tubes are completely blocked, fertility treatments like IVF may be recommended.
Final Thoughts
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) and Sonosalpingography (SSG) are important diagnostic tests for women struggling with infertility. They help in identifying fallopian tube blockages, uterine abnormalities, and other reproductive issues that could be affecting conception.
At Samarth IVF, we specialize in advanced fertility diagnostics and personalized treatment plans to help couples achieve their dream of parenthood. If you’re struggling with conception and need expert guidance, schedule an appointment with our fertility specialists today!